Biofeedback is the process of becoming aware of various physiological functions using instruments that provide information about the activity of those same systems, with a goal of being able to manipulate them at will. Processes that can be controlled include brainwaves, muscle tone, skin conductance, heart rate, and pain perception.

Biofeedback may be used to improve health or performance, and the physiological changes often occur in conjunction with changes to thoughts, emotions, and behavior. Eventually, these changes can be maintained without the use of extra equipment. Biofeedback has been found to be effective for the treatment of headaches and migraines.